Buxa Tiger Reserve was set up in 1983 at the northeastern corner of West Bengal bordering Bhutan and Assam. Numerous rivulets dissect this picturesque reserve with its prodigious Terai, Bhabar as well as Hilly landscape. It was declared a National Park in January 1992.

The general diversity of mammals is second highest among all the tiger reserves of India. Apart from the Bengal tiger, there are plenty of leopard, fishing cat, leopard cat, jungle cat, Indian civet, palm civet, wild dogs, Malayan giant squirrels, mongooses, Asian elephant, gaur, small clawes otter, chital, sambar, barking deer, hog deer, wild buffalo, 3 varieties of pythons, monitor lizard and a host of land tortoises. A number of animals like Chinese pangolin, regal python (reticulate) and clouded leopard are endemic to the region.

The Avifauna is rich in both endemic as well as migratory species. The swift rivers of Rydak and Jainti are visited by Trans Himalayan migratory goosanders, the beautiful ibis bill, resident fork-tails, varieties of red-stars, wag-tails, the Narathali Lake is visited by migratory common teal, gargani teal, large whistling teal, white eyed poachared etc. The hornbills including greater pied hornbill abound the area. One of the rarest bird of India the black-necked crane has been sighted in the Reserve during the early winter. The migratory beautiful Black Stork is a visitor of the area. The monsoon ends and beautiful Minivets arrive, and during summer the rare Ashyminivet is also sighted.